5 types of operating systems that you don't know!
5 types of operating systems that you don't know!
Hello friends, welcome to the SIL BLOG. Here we always give information about Internet and Technology. So in this post, we will learn about the types of operating systems.
Friends, as far as I think most of you know about the operating system if you do not know then do not worry, we tell you in simple words that the Operating system refers to the collection of software. Which manages the hardware resources of the computer and provides large-scale services to the user. Different types of computer operating systems refer to collections of different software. Each Computer has an Operating System to run other programs.
Any operating system performs some basic functions such as identifying input data from the keyboard, keeping files and disk directories, and sending output to the Display Screen, controlling devices such as printers. An operating system can also perform a single task or a system operating change.
So, friends, it was a common thing that what is the operating system? Friends, I want to give you in-depth knowledge about the type of operating system. So let's start without any delay and know how many types of operating systems are there?
Types of the operating system :
Friends computer operating system can be classified into 5 main types.
1. Normal Operating System.
2. Real-Time Operating System.
3. Batch operating system.
4. Time-sharing operating systems.
5. Distributed operating System.
1. Normal Operating System:
Normal Operating System is classified into two parts-
•Graphical User Interface Operating System (GUI).
•Character User Interface Operating System (CUI).
•Graphical User Interface Operating System (GUI):
The graphical mode interfaces operating system is a Linux mouse-based operating system. In which the user conducts the task without typing the command from the keyboard.
Files can be opened or closed by clicking with a mouse. In addition, the mouse and keyboard are used to control the GUI operating system for many purposes. Most projects are developed on this operating system. The advanced GUI working framework is slower than the common line operating system working framework.
•Character User Interface Operating System (CUI):
The CUI is an operating system based on text. Which is used to interact with software or files by typing commands to perform specific tasks.
The command-line OS uses only the keyboard to give commands. Command-line operating systems include DOS and UNIX. The command-line operating system is the fast operating system Part.
2. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) :
Real-Time Operating System is also known as a multitasking operating system. Normal operating systems are responsible for managing the hardware resources of a computer. RTOS performs these functions. But it is specifically designed to run processing at fixed or precise times with high reliability.
The Real-Time Operating System is designed for Real-Time applications. Such as scientific research equipment, industrial robots, embedded systems, and there are different types of Operating Systems in Real-Time. Such as hard Real-time operating systems and soft real-time operating systems.
•Hard Real-time Operating System:
The Hard Real-time System is a purely real-time system. For a Hard Real-time system, it is very important to complete tasks within the time limit for efficient system performance. For example, for a given input, if a user expects output after 10 seconds, the Operating System should process the input data and return the output after 10 seconds. The time limit here is 10 seconds and hence the system should not give output after the 11th second or 9th second. So, Hard Real-time System systems are used.
•Soft real-time Operating systems:
For soft real-time operating systems, it is not mandatory to meet deadlines for every task. Therefore, a soft real-time operating system may remember a time frame of one or two seconds. However, if the system remembers the time limit each time. Then it will degrade system performance. Computers audio and video are examples of soft real-time operating systems.
3. Batch Operating System :
Batch OS users do not directly collaborate with the computer. Each user prepares data like a punch card on an off-line device and hands it over to a computer operator. Programmers leave their programs along with the operator and then sort the program with the same requirements in Batch.
4. Time-sharing Operating systems :
Time-sharing is a technology that enables multiple people to be located at different terminals, to use a particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is the logical extension of multiprogramming. Process time that is shared between multiple users simultaneously is called time-sharing.
The main difference between the multi-programmed batch system and the time-sharing system is that in the case of the multi-programmed batch system, the objective is to maximize processor usage. Whereas in the time-sharing system, the objective is to reduce the response time.
The operating system uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to provide a small fraction of the time to each user. Computer systems that were primarily designed as the Batch System have been modified into time-sharing operating systems.
5. Distributed Operating System :
Distributed operating systems use multiple real-time applications and multiple central processors to serve multiple users. Processors communicate with each other through various communication lines such as telephone lines. These are called loosely coupled systems or distributed systems.
Processors in a distributed system may vary in size and function. These processors are referred to as sites, nodes, computers, etc.
So, friends, I hope that you have learned about the type of operating system. Now we talk about the working of the operating system, so let us know what is the work of the operating system?
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The function of an Operating system:
A Computer Operating System performs the following functions-
•Task or process management.
•Kernel or scheduling.
•Memory management.
•Device or input/output management.
•Storage management.
•Task or Process Management:
Process Management is an example of a program that is being executed. This process includes many elements. Such as identifiers, program counters, memory pointer and reference data, and similarly Process is actually the execution of those requests.
There are two types of process methods in Process Management. Single process and multitasking method. The single process method relates to a single process running at a time. The multitasking method allows multiple processes at once.
•Kernel or scheduling:
Scheduling is the process of scheduling and prioritizing messages sent to a processor by an Operating System. The Operating System performs a continuous amount of work for the processor and thus balances the workload. The scheduling process in each is completed within a specified time frame.
•Memory Management:
Memory management is the process of managing computer memory. There are two types of computer memory. primary & secondary memory. After releasing the memory portion, the memory part for the program and software is allocated.
Memory management is important for the operating system involved in the multitasking method. In which the OS needs to switch memory space from one process to another. The CPU has two types of memory modules - virtual memory and physical memory. virtual memory is a RAM memory and physical memory is a hard disk memory.
•Device or Input/output Management:
In computer architecture, the combination of CPU and Storage is the brain of a computer and is managed by input and output resources. Man interacts with machines through 1/0 Number.
Display, keyboard, printer, and mouse are 1/0 devices. The management of all these devices affects the throughput of a system. Therefore, the input and output management of the system is the responsibility of the Operating System.
•Storage Management:
Storage management is a function of the operating system that handles the memory allocation of data. There are different types of memory devices in the system. Such as RAM, Hard-Disk, and Cache Storage Memory. Instructions and data are kept in RAM & cache memory. Which is referred to by the Running Program. However, Data is lost when power is cut so the hard disk is a Permanent storage device, In which Data gets saved automatically.
Operating Systems Architecture :
•Shell
•Kernel
Operating Systems control the hardware resources of the computer. Kernel and Shell are parts of the operating system, those who conduct the necessary operations. When a user gives a command to perform any operation then the request goes to the Shell section. Which is also known as an interpreter.
The Shell part then translates the human program into machine code and then transfers the request to the Kernel part. When Kernel receives a request from Shell, then processes the request. The kernel is also known as the heart of Operating Systems.
•Shell:
Shell is a part of the software. Which is placed between the user and Kernel and provides services to Kernel. Shell thus acts as an interpreter to convert Commend from the user into Machine Code. There are two types of shells present in different types of operating systems - Command-Line shells & Graphical shells.
Command-line shells provide a command-line interface. Whereas Graphical shells provide a Graphical user interface. Although both Shells operate. Shells of graphical user interfaces work slower than Shells of Command-Line interface.
Types of shells-
POSIX shell.
Bourne shell.
Korn shell.
C shell.
•Kernel:
The kernel is a part of the software. It is like a bridge between Shell and Hardware. It is responsible for running the program and providing secure access to the computer's hardware. The kernel is used for scheduling. That is, it maintains a timetable for all processing.
Types of Kernels-
Exokernels.
Hybrid kernels.
Monolithic kernel.
Microkernels.
Conclusion:
We hope that you have got complete information about the type of operating system. We always try to give complete information about whatever topic we cover. So that your knowledge will never be incomplete. This is our endeavor. If you learn something from this blog, if you have liked this post, then share it on social media.
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